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Introduction
Concerns and Considerations for How to Inclusively Discuss the Achievement Gap
Using Terms that Are Accurate and Inclusive
The Racial/Ethnic Academic Achievement Gap
The First-Generation and Transfer Student Achievement Gaps
Causes of the Achievement Gaps
Structural Racism
Colorblindness
Generational Wealth and Income (GWI)
Social-Psychological Factors: Interest, Identity, Motivation and Belonging
Stress, Anxiety, and Mental Health
Stereotype Threat
The Imposter Phenomenon (AKA Imposter Syndrome)
Mindset of Students and Faculty
Microaggressions
Implicit Bias
Task Assignment Bias and Intellectual Marginalization
First Generation Students Experience Many of the Same Problems as AHNs
Transfer Student Challenges
Intersectionality
Summary and Discussion
Review of Part I: Achievement Gaps and Their Causes
Why Closing the Gap is Important
Parallel Approaches to Closing the Academic Achievement Gap
Counter Bias and Racism
Increase Student Belonging
Reduce Stress and Anxiety
Improve Engagement and Performance
Additional Strategies for FG and Transfer Students
Glossary
References
About the Author
Back Cover
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Acknowledging and Addressing the Achievement Gaps in Undergraduate Education Copyright © by Brian Gibbens is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.